SQL (Core) - Queries with aggregates (Pt. 2)
Course Syllabus
Our queries are getting fairly complex, but we have nearly introduced all the important parts of a SELECT query. One thing that you might have noticed is that if the GROUP BY clause is executed after the WHERE clause (which filters the rows which are to be grouped), then how exactly do we filter the grouped rows?
Luckily, SQL allows us to do this by adding an additional HAVING clause which is used specifically with the GROUP BY clause to allow us to filter grouped rows from the result set.
Select query with HAVING constraint
SELECT group_by_column, AGG_FUNC(column_expression) AS aggregate_alias FROM mytable WHERE condition GROUP BY column HAVING group_condition;
The HAVING clause constraints are written the same way as the WHERE clause constraints, and are applied to the grouped rows. With our examples, this might not seem like a particularly useful construct, but if you imagine data with millions of rows with different properties, being able to apply additional constraints is often necessary to quickly make sense of the data.
Did you know?
If you aren't using the GROUP BY clause, a simple WHERE clause will suffice.
🗄️ Schema Explorer SELECTABLE
🎯 Exercises Checklist:
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🔑 Solution SQL:
SELECT * FROM movies;Data Output
No results. Run query to fetch data.